My upcoming book analyses the history of Iran’s conception of Europe from 1500 until 2015, and contextualize it within the story of the emergence of international society. It assesses continuities and discontinuities through the imperial period, anti-colonial struggles, and civilizational constructs. In doing so, it engages with a range of archival sources and secondary literature. The source selection enabled me to analyse Iran’s entry and status within the international society, and what different domestic contestations tell us about identity. It also showcases entangled political, intellectual, and social lives that conceive international relations. I will provide more details as the the manuscript goes through the publication process.